PROTOTYPE

See also the currently published format: U02B0.pdf, and the raw data parsed from NamesList.txt: 02B0.json.

02B0 Spacing Modifier Letters 02FF

Latin superscript modifier letters

See also superscript Latin letters in the Phonetic Extensions block starting at 1D00.

CROSS_REF { "name2": "superscript latin small letter i", "cp2": "2071" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "superscript latin small letter n", "cp2": "207F" }

02B0 ● MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "aspiration" }

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# <super> 0068" }

02B1 ● MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H WITH HOOK

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "breathy voiced, murmured" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "latin small letter h with hook", "cp2": "0266" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining diaeresis below", "cp2": "0324" }

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# <super> 0266" }

02B2 ● MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "palatalization" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining palatalized hook below", "cp2": "0321" }

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# <super> 006A" }

02B3 ● MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# <super> 0072" }

02B4 ● MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R

CROSS_REF { "name2": "latin small letter turned r", "cp2": "0279" }

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# <super> 0279" }

02B5 ● MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH HOOK

CROSS_REF { "name2": "latin small letter turned r with hook", "cp2": "027B" }

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# <super> 027B" }

02B6 ● MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "preceding four used for r-coloring or r-offglides" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "latin letter small capital inverted r", "cp2": "0281" }

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# <super> 0281" }

02B7 ● MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "labialization" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining inverted double arch below", "cp2": "032B" }

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# <super> 0077" }

02B8 ● MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Y

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "palatalization" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "common Americanist usage for 02B2" }

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# <super> 0079" }

Miscellaneous phonetic modifiers

02B9 ● MODIFIER LETTER PRIME

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "stress, emphasis" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "transliteration of mjagkij znak (Cyrillic soft sign: palatalization)" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "transliteration of Hebrew geresh" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "apostrophe", "cp2": "0027" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "acute accent", "cp2": "00B4" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "modifier letter acute accent", "cp2": "02CA" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining acute accent", "cp2": "0301" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "greek numeral sign", "cp2": "0374" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "hebrew punctuation geresh", "cp2": "05F3" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "prime", "cp2": "2032" }

02BA ● MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "exaggerated stress, contrastive stress" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "transliteration of tverdyj znak (Cyrillic hard sign: no palatalization)" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "quotation mark", "cp2": "0022" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining double acute accent", "cp2": "030B" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "double prime", "cp2": "2033" }

02BB ● MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "typographical alternate for 02BD or 02BF" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "used in some Polynesian orthographies for glottal stop" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "Hawaiʻian: ʻokina" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "Tongan: fakauʻa" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining turned comma above", "cp2": "0312" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "nko low tone apostrophe", "cp2": "07F5" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "left single quotation mark", "cp2": "2018" }

02BC ● MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE

ALIAS_LINE { "text": "apostrophe" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "glottal stop, glottalization, ejective" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "many languages use this as a letter of their alphabets" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "used as a tone marker in Bodo and Dogri" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "indicates vowel elongation, or various truncations and ellipsis in Maithili" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "used as a modifier letter in the Lisu script" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "2019 is the preferred character for a punctuation apostrophe" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "apostrophe", "cp2": "0027" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining comma above", "cp2": "0313" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining comma above right", "cp2": "0315" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "armenian apostrophe", "cp2": "055A" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "nko high tone apostrophe", "cp2": "07F4" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "greek psili", "cp2": "1FBF" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "right single quotation mark", "cp2": "2019" }

02BD ● MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED COMMA

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "weak aspiration" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining reversed comma above", "cp2": "0314" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "armenian modifier letter left half ring", "cp2": "0559" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "greek dasia", "cp2": "1FFE" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "single high-reversed-9 quotation mark", "cp2": "201B" }

02BE ● MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "transliteration of Arabic hamza (glottal stop)" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "transliteration of Hebrew alef" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "armenian apostrophe", "cp2": "055A" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "hebrew letter alef", "cp2": "05D0" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "arabic letter hamza", "cp2": "0621" }

02BF ● MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "transliteration of Arabic ain (voiced pharyngeal fricative)" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "transliteration of Hebrew ayin" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "armenian modifier letter left half ring", "cp2": "0559" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "hebrew letter ayin", "cp2": "05E2" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "arabic letter ain", "cp2": "0639" }

02C0 ● MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "ejective or glottalized" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "typographical alternate for 02BC or 02BE" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "latin letter glottal stop", "cp2": "0294" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining hook above", "cp2": "0309" }

02C1 ● MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "typographical alternate for 02BF" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "latin letter pharyngeal voiced fricative", "cp2": "0295" }

02C2 ● MODIFIER LETTER LEFT ARROWHEAD

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "fronted articulation" }

02C3 ● MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT ARROWHEAD

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "backed articulation" }

02C4 ● MODIFIER LETTER UP ARROWHEAD

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "raised articulation" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "circumflex accent", "cp2": "005E" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "up arrowhead", "cp2": "2303" }

02C5 ● MODIFIER LETTER DOWN ARROWHEAD

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "lowered articulation" }

02C6 ● MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "rising-falling tone, falling tone, secondary stress, etc." }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "circumflex accent", "cp2": "005E" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining circumflex accent", "cp2": "0302" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "modifier letter low circumflex accent", "cp2": "A788" }

02C7 ● CARON

ALIAS_LINE { "text": "hacek" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "falling-rising tone" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "Mandarin Chinese third tone" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining caron", "cp2": "030C" }

02C8 ● MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "primary stress, downstep" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "precedes letter or syllable modified" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "apostrophe", "cp2": "0027" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining vertical line above", "cp2": "030D" }

02C9 ● MODIFIER LETTER MACRON

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "high level tone" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "precedes or follows letter or syllable modified" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "Mandarin Chinese first tone" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "macron", "cp2": "00AF" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining macron", "cp2": "0304" }

02CA ● MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "high-rising tone (IPA), high tone, primary stress" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "Mandarin Chinese second tone" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "acute accent", "cp2": "00B4" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "modifier letter prime", "cp2": "02B9" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining acute accent", "cp2": "0301" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "greek numeral sign", "cp2": "0374" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "armenian emphasis mark", "cp2": "055B" }

02CB ● MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "high-falling tone (IPA), low tone, secondary or tertiary stress" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "Mandarin Chinese fourth tone" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "grave accent", "cp2": "0060" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining grave accent", "cp2": "0300" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "armenian comma", "cp2": "055D" }

02CC ● MODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "secondary stress" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "precedes letter or syllable modified" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining vertical line below", "cp2": "0329" }

02CD ● MODIFIER LETTER LOW MACRON

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "low level tone" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "used as a modifier letter in the Lisu script" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "low line", "cp2": "005F" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining macron below", "cp2": "0331" }

02CE ● MODIFIER LETTER LOW GRAVE ACCENT

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "low-falling tone" }

02CF ● MODIFIER LETTER LOW ACUTE ACCENT

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "low-rising tone" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "greek lower numeral sign", "cp2": "0375" }

02D0 ● MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "length mark" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "colon", "cp2": "003A" }

02D1 ● MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "half-length mark" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "middle dot", "cp2": "00B7" }

02D2 ● MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED RIGHT HALF RING

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "more rounded articulation" }

02D3 ● MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED LEFT HALF RING

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "less rounded articulation" }

02D4 ● MODIFIER LETTER UP TACK

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "vowel raising or closing" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining up tack below", "cp2": "031D" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining dot below", "cp2": "0323" }

02D5 ● MODIFIER LETTER DOWN TACK

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "vowel lowering or opening" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining left half ring below", "cp2": "031C" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining down tack below", "cp2": "031E" }

02D6 ● MODIFIER LETTER PLUS SIGN

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "advanced or fronted articulation" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining plus sign below", "cp2": "031F" }

02D7 ● MODIFIER LETTER MINUS SIGN

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "retracted or backed articulation" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "glyph may have small end-serifs" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining minus sign below", "cp2": "0320" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "minus sign", "cp2": "2212" }

Spacing clones of diacritics

02D8 ● BREVE

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining breve", "cp2": "0306" }

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# 0020 0306" }

02D9 ● DOT ABOVE

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "Mandarin Chinese fifth tone (light or neutral)" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining dot above", "cp2": "0307" }

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# 0020 0307" }

02DA ● RING ABOVE

CROSS_REF { "name2": "degree sign", "cp2": "00B0" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining ring above", "cp2": "030A" }

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# 0020 030A" }

02DB ● OGONEK

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining ogonek", "cp2": "0328" }

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# 0020 0328" }

02DC ● SMALL TILDE

CROSS_REF { "name2": "tilde", "cp2": "007E" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining tilde", "cp2": "0303" }

CROSS_REF { "name2": "tilde operator", "cp2": "223C" }

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# 0020 0303" }

02DD ● DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining double acute accent", "cp2": "030B" }

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# 0020 030B" }

Additions based on 1989 IPA

02DE ● MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "rhotacization in vowel" }

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "often ligated: 025A = 0259 + 02DE; 025D = 025C + 02DE" }

02DF ● MODIFIER LETTER CROSS ACCENT

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "Swedish grave accent" }

02E0 ● MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GAMMA

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "these modifier letters are occasionally used in transcription of affricates" }

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# <super> 0263" }

02E1 ● MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# <super> 006C" }

02E2 ● MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# <super> 0073" }

02E3 ● MODIFIER LETTER SMALL X

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# <super> 0078" }

02E4 ● MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP

COMMENT_LINE { "text": "# <super> 0295" }

Tone letters

02E5 ● MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR
02E6 ● MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR
02E7 ● MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR
02E8 ● MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR
02E9 ● MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR

Extended Bopomofo tone marks

02EA ● MODIFIER LETTER YIN DEPARTING TONE MARK
02EB ● MODIFIER LETTER YANG DEPARTING TONE MARK

IPA modifiers

02EC ● MODIFIER LETTER VOICING
02ED ● MODIFIER LETTER UNASPIRATED

CROSS_REF { "name2": "modifier letter short equals sign", "cp2": "A78A" }

Other modifier letter

02EE ● MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE

COMMENT_LINE { "bullet": "*", "text": "Nenets" }

UPA modifiers

02EF ● MODIFIER LETTER LOW DOWN ARROWHEAD
02F0 ● MODIFIER LETTER LOW UP ARROWHEAD
02F1 ● MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT ARROWHEAD
02F2 ● MODIFIER LETTER LOW RIGHT ARROWHEAD
02F3 ● MODIFIER LETTER LOW RING

CROSS_REF { "name2": "combining ring below", "cp2": "0325" }

02F4 ● MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE GRAVE ACCENT
02F5 ● MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT
02F6 ● MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT
02F7 ● MODIFIER LETTER LOW TILDE
02F8 ● MODIFIER LETTER RAISED COLON
02F9 ● MODIFIER LETTER BEGIN HIGH TONE
02FA ● MODIFIER LETTER END HIGH TONE
02FB ● MODIFIER LETTER BEGIN LOW TONE
02FC ● MODIFIER LETTER END LOW TONE
02FD ● MODIFIER LETTER SHELF
02FE ● MODIFIER LETTER OPEN SHELF
02FF ● MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT ARROW